In 1455, at the age of 12, Margaret was married to Edmund Tudor, the half-brother of King Henry VI, in an effort to solidify the Lancastrian position. Edmund was significantly older than Margaret, and their marriage was largely political. Tragically, Edmund died in 1456, leaving Margaret a widow once again, this time pregnant with a child who would

Margaret Beaufort stands as one of the most influential yet often overlooked figures in English history. Her legacy, both as the mother of Henry VII and a key architect behind the rise of the Tudor dynasty, shaped the course of English politics for generations. Margaret's life spanned tumultuous times in England, from the Wars of the Roses to the f

The Black Death, which struck Europe in the 14th century, had a profound impact on both society and medicine. The plague, which killed an estimated 25 to 30 million people (about a third of Europe's population), led to widespread panic and fear. Medieval doctors were unable to comprehend the cause of the disease, which was likely transmitted by fle

While Europe languished in the early Middle Ages, the Islamic world flourished in terms of medical knowledge. By the 8th century, scholars in the Islamic Golden Age, particularly in cities like Baghdad, Córdoba, and Cairo, were building on the works of Galen, Hippocrates, and other ancient authors. Figures such as Avicenna (Ibn Sina) and Al-Razi (